Computer Hardware

• System unit: A system unit is the box that contains the computer's main hardware components such as the motherboard.
• Integrated Circuit: An integrated circuit is a single chip of silicon that has replaced millions of transistors and other electrical components. Integrated circuits are referred to as silicon chips or just chips. There are many integrated circuits on the motherboard.
• Co-Processor: A co-processor is a dedicated chip that works with the main CPU to increase the speed of the computer. A graphics co-processor allows images to be displayed much faster.
• A peripheral device-: Peripheral devices are input, output and storage devices.
• Expansion slot: An expansion slot is an opening where a circuit board can be inserted into the motherboard to extend the capabilities of the computer.
• Expansion Card/Board: The circuit board is called an expansion card, it is used for different purposes such as to connect a monitor, hard disk or any peripheral devices.
• Port: A port is a socket used to connect peripheral devices. It is located at the back of the system unit. Ports have different connectors that are used to attach cables to peripheral devices.
• Bus: A bus is a pathway of wires on the motherboard that connects various components.
• USB: A USB is a universal serial bus, it has become a standard method of connecting peripheral devices. It allows fast transfer of data and connects a range of devices such as digital cameras, scanners and storage devices.

The Five Functions of the Hardware:

1. Input: Involves accepting data into the computer for processing into information. The data is the raw facts used by the computer such as text and images.
2. Process: Changes data to produce information by following a series of instructions. The processing unit performs processing.
3. Storage: Involves receiving and retaining data over a period of time. Storage is classified as primary storage or secondary storage.
4. Control: Coordinates the operations of the input, processing, output and storage. The control unit is part of the CPU.
5. Output: Involves sending information from the computer. It includes all the transfer of data from primary storage to an output device such as a screen printer, or speakers.