Though both the PCs and the Macs retain the feature of running an operating system, the operating systems that can be installed on each computer vary. An operating system is a collection of software that runs the computer while it is on. Nearly any operating system can be installed on a PC, including Windows and Linux. The only operating system that cannot be legally installed on a PC is the Mac OS. The Mac OS comes in several versions, and a new version is released nearly every year. Most PCs include an operating system pre-installed. Macs come pre-installed with Mac OS X, a series of Mac OS operating systems that have been used since September 13, 2000. The current Mac OS X version is Mac OS X 10.5.4 Leopard, and a future version of Mac OS X is planned for release sometime during the summer of 2009. Through the assistance of Boot Camp, a program that has been included with Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard and will be included in future versions, users are allowed to install different operating systems onto their Mac through the creation of partitions on their hard drive. Just as an operating system is a form of software, security programs are also a vital form of software for a computer.

Security is another issue between the PCs and the Macs. Both PCs and Macs have the ability to log onto the internet, and when they have fully accessed the internet, they can be easily bombarded by viruses, spyware, and adware; which are all harmful to a computer, whether it is a PC or a Mac. PCs never come with security software, and the Windows operating systems do not include security. Macs, however, have built in, high-level security that is built into Mac OS X because the operating system is coded in Unix, a form of coding language. Along with software differences, PCs and Macs have differences in hardware.

Hardware-wise, Macs and PCs are very different. The most noticeable design feature on the Mac is a glowing Apple logo. Macs usually have a glowing Apple logo on the lid of notebooks or the side of desktops. The design of a PC varies by the company that developed it. Ever since Apple has started using the PowerPC G4 Processor platform, they have started to use more environmentally-friendly materials in their Macs, such as aluminum and glass. Most Macs these days are made of aluminum, and have a glass monitor. For one to upgrade the hardware of a PC or a Mac is not uncommon. Hardware upgrades allow computers to run faster and more efficiently. Most upgrades on a laptop are for RAM, yet on the Apple MacBook, upgrading the hard drive, normally a difficult feat on a PC, is easy. Apple's professional desktop, the Mac Pro, contains no visible internal wires, and there are very few situations where a screw driver is required for an upgrade. Though the PC and Mac are very similar and different in scores of ways, they have made a great impact on the world today.

Computers have been the scaffolds for world-changing innovations since their creation, and they impact the world greatly. I could never imagine the world without computers, and the introduction of PCs and Macs has only opened a door of opportunity for the world, and although they are very different, they have created the path for more advanced technology, and will send mankind further into the future.

Possibility to extend system capabilities

PCI, PCI Express, AGP Extensions:

It´s a real pain in the but to run out of slots. There should be a connector on the main board somewhere that lets you connect a "extension board" with additional slots of your choice.

Multiple kinds of RAM:

Since RAM prices fluctuate greatly and the price difference between different kinds of RAM modules can be big, the main board should be able to support two different kinds of RAM.

Multiple main boards:

Main bords should support sharing hard and disc drives to be able to put two main boards into one casing.

It would enable the user to have two operating systems at the same time without having to share CPU or memory resources.

Non volatile RAM for drivers:

Why do device drivers have to clutter the systems RAM? Those could be written to special non volatile RAM chip(s) with direct access for the CPU. The systems boot-up time should decrease greatly.

Ease of use

The following changes would make the system easier to use and simplify tasks.

Automatic BIOS Update via Internet

The BIOS (or EFI) should be automatically updated online during POST.

BIOS (EFI) Configuration with GUI

The Bios (EFI) options should have an intuitive, easy to use graphical user interface. Extensive explanations what any setting does should be available in the GUI at any time. A "solution wizard" that helps solving common problems should be included.

Lose all screws

Instead of using screws to secure anything in place, use plastic “snap into place” mechanisms that can be easily removed by pressing on them.

Things to avoid

• cramped space inside the casing
• any sharp edges inside the casing
• seals on any screws besides the ones of the power unit

You can go to here and download helpful widgets to the program which help you on your daily computer using. Tip on using Dashboard: If you press F4 you can open Dashboard anytime. Trick 5. : If you press Alt+Command+Esc you open the Force quit window where you can force unresponsive programs to quit. Super Special Trick: You can actually install Windows on a Mac and run them at the same time.

To do that Download and Install VMware Fusion from here and open it. Then coose New Virtual Machine and select the operating system of your Windows copy. Then insert your Windows installation disk and open the New virtual Machine you created. Then Follow the steps of installing Windows and Voila you will have a fully operating Windows emulation on your Mac. Trick 6. : You can use the program Time Machine to copy all of your files on your computer when you do something risky so if you lose some files you can use time machine to bring them back. That's all for now and Thanks for reading. Hope you learned something here.

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Computer case modifications cannot get much geekier than this Star Wars Millennium Falcon creation. This may just look like a toy, but the dual hard drive, motherboard, and the rest of the components are cleverly hidden within the empty cavity of the model.

Futurama's Bender

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Some nerds pullout all of the stops when they want a computer case with a little attitude. Bender is best known as the alcoholic, foul-mouth robot sidekick from the American television shows “Futurama”.

Digg Custom Case Mod

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Only computer geeks and nerds would ever give any serious thought about building a custom made PC case focused on the popular social bookmarking community known as “Digg”. The coolest feature of this case is the illuminating case and lettering.

StarWars R2-D2

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Super geeks strike back with this life-size R2-D2 computer case modification that honors probably the greatest science fiction movie of all times. The coolness factor for this PC case mod is a 9 out of 10 and now, I want to watch the movie again for some reason.

WMD Computer Mod

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Some geeks truly have a strange sense of humor and an even weirder imagination. This computer case was built to resemble a nuclear bomb complete with timer, wire and switches. Homeland Security would totally pee their pants if any of their officers caught sight of this PC case passing through the airport x-ray screening.

Lego Bricks Computer Case

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Those little colorful plastic building blocks that are known as “Lego Bricks” around the world seem to be perfect material to build a ultra-cool computer case out of. Isn't there anything that Lego Bricks cannot be used to build?

Wolfenstein Radio PC Case

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Some computer case modifications are just way cooler than others showing up on the computer mod bandwagon these days. A Wolfenstein Radio PC case that nerds and geeks can fight over - there can be only one.

StarWars Tie Fighter Computer Case and Desk

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George Lucas would be astonished to see how his futuristic StarWars universe is being modified in the skillful hands of fan geeks across the lands. Converting a StarWars Tie Fighter toy into a cool computer case pales in comparison to spending countless hours carefully packing all of the computer hardware components into the limited space reserved inside the plastic molded toy model.

Flight Data Recorder (Black Box) Case Mod

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A flight data recorder or the “Black Box” that all modern day airlines carry onboard each of their airplanes records valuable information about the flight of the airplane and is usually the first piece of electronic equipment that FAA investigators retrieve if a plane crashes. It is extremely a rare opportunity to modify one of these babies into the PC that computer nerd would envy.

Chimera Computer Case

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The glowing green LED light resembles the radioactive bio-waste that a person might discover in a mad scientist lab or at a biohazard spill site. The toxic hazard decals covering the case add to the overall personality of the machine.

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Never put it pass a computer geek to figure out a better way to recycle an empty cardboard pizza box and build a backup PC for those rainy days.

Microwave Case

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Transforming old microwaves into cool computer cases is a novel approach to recycling. It's too bad that the user cannot pop a bag of popcorn while at the same time surfing the net.

Orac Computer Case

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This looks like something straight out of a sci-fi movie. The clear case reveals organized chaos of entangled wiring and LED light strips.

Mac Pumpkin Case

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This computer case mod demonstrates that even perishable fruits can be turned into something usefully wacky before it spoils. Halloween is just around the corner and there will be plenty of pumpkins to modify.

Hamster Playground PC Case

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This clever computer case mod combines the power of computing with the power of the hamster wheel to create a one-of-a-kind rodent paradise.

SteamPunk Computer Case Mod

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Who would have ever dreamed of turning an old vintage SteamPunk into a cool case mod? Well, obviously one geek did and it turned out to be a nice and unusual PC case.

Underwood Typewriter Case Mod

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Typewriters might be considered the dinosaur of the computer geek of the 21st century, but once-upon-a-time typewriters were the most relied upon piece of office equipment in the world. It's nice to see that some geeks still find typewriters useful, even if only to gut them out to build a vintage looking computer case.

Old Fashion Rotary Telephone PC Case Mod

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Oh, what to do with this old rotary telephone, but to do what geeks do best - build a computer out of it.

FIFA "07 Computer Case Mod

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Foosball anyone! This multipurpose computer mod incorporates a miniature Foosball table (mounted on top) with the confidence of computing. Now, this is what I call a real computer game.

Beer Dispenser PC Case Mod

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Geeks and drinking beer doesn"t mix, because drinking one to many types of stouts can cause the monster geek to come out. Gutting a perfectly good computer system to transform it into a beer keg and tap is madness, pure madness I tell you. The bar is open; just serve your own yourself.

Texas Instruments Inc.

This device extends the battery life in certain types of medical tools, scales, and data acquisition applications.

Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Building- I. M. Pei

The architect tends to design buildings that depict the high-tech movement. He always works on larger scale projects and uses geometric designs to shape his buildings.

The "Butterfly Effect" - Prof. Edward Lorenz

Professor Lorenz realized that small differences in a forceful system such as the atmosphere could trigger unsuspected results. These explanations eventually led him to formulate what became known as the butterfly effect. "This term came from a paper he wrote in 1972 entitled Predictability: Does the Flap of a Butterfly's Wings in Brazil Set off a Tornado in Texas?"

Bose stereo - Professor Amar Bose

These stereo speakers are world-renowned for giving high-end performance despite their reticent size.

Ethernet - Robert Metcalf

Ethernet is a relationship between the unit frame-based computer networking technologies for (LANs). The Ethernet controls our access to certain types of data processing models, i.e. Internet.

The Internet Archive - Brewster Kahle

The Internet Archive (IA) consists of an online library containing the vast information on the Web and other multimedia resources. This information includes certain snapshots from various times from software, WebPages, audio visual and other sources.

Rockman amplifier - Tom Scholz

The Rockman is used in conjunction with headphones and an amplifier used for certain guitars. If any of you are familiar with Boston then you know who invented this.

Spacewar, the first computer game-Steve Russell

Spacewar was the first digital computer game of our time. The idea behind the game involved spaceships attempting to shoot each other while manipulating within the galaxy. I remember this game; I used to play it all the time on my Atari. I wish I still had it.

Hypertext - Prof. Vannevar Bush PhD

Hypertext is defined as words or text that leads the user to information associated with those words.

GPS (Global Positioning System) - Ivan Getting

The GPS uses satellites that transmit microwave signals. These signals enable receivers to determine certain types of pertinent information such as direction, time, speed and location.

Image source: Michael Tan

At the first glance, I mistakenly took it as the sound card, network interface card, TV tuner card or any sort of cards. I could hardly guess what this thing was, and finally someone told me that this is a masterpiece of a Japanese company. It is known as PCI Disk Card which is inserted into the PCI slot of a computer or a laptop. It is indeed a magical imagination. Such invention really makes me wondering the unique as well as the creativity of the Japanese imagination.

Isn't it strange from its aluminum appearance? It looks like mosquito spray.

(Image source: Michael Tan)

What's this? Can you guess? Perhaps you will think that it's a mosquito spray as what I've thought of while looking at this bizarre stuff. I'm sure that you haven't seen something like this so-called USB anti-mosquito spray elsewhere. Now, something makes you doubt about this. Where got USB anti-mosquito spray, never heard of it before. If not, is this an USB exploding device? No, impossible, its line is too short to have even burnt your hand when you light it up. Then, what on earth is this crazy thing?

(Image source: Michael Tan)

Well, this is actually called USB sound card with its external appearance fully coated in aluminum. It was a product of Hercules Audio which is named as USB External Soundcard. This is cool, right?

Is this a blue hoop or a life buoy? What's its connection to IT?

(Image source: Michael Tan)

Crazy! What's this? Is this a blue hoop or a life buoy? Impossible, a hoop or a life buoy will not have two-legs attached at its bottom. Instead of saying it's a two-leg appliance; it seems more like two wooden rods. You will never know what this thing is by just judging from its external appearance. I'm certain that you'll have problem to guess for this thing if I decide not to tell you the answer. Well, this is a stereo headphones launched by a company called Tube. Though it may look small, it has 5.1-channel audio capability to enhance its performance. It's indeed shocking to know that it has 6 built-in speakers. Due to its extraordinary audio capability, it will cause you about 150 Euros.

Is this a product from an alien planet?

(Image source: Michael Tan)

I'm sure that every one of you may have watched science fiction movie of Minority Report 2002 directed by Steven Spielberg and starring by Tom Cruise, Colin Farrell, Samantha Morton, Max von Sydow, and Lois Smith. You would come across with numerous technologically advanced gadgets in this movie, but this gadget with a blue semi-translucent cap attached on its top is somewhat looks like the film projector in the science fiction films. Now, you will be amazed to learn that this is a high-tech product of a Caller Display invented by Olympia InfoGlobe, and it is a model of OL 3000 caller display device. Whenever there is an incoming call, the caller ID (or calling number identification) will be automatically displayed on its screen.

What're you saying? A golden ladybird is used for a computer?

(Image source: Michael Tan)

This golden ladybird gives me a good feel to look at it. Though it's not made of the pure gold, it's manufactured with an excellent artwork to give you a delicate and sophisticated sensation.

(Image source: Michael Tan)

It's not for MP3 as you couldn't find a headphone slot to fit its plug into your laptop or computer. If not, what's this? Please guess, dear friend! Hmm, this is a U-beetle or in a simple word, U-dish. It's attractive and yet strange, right?

What's this stuff then? Its transparent body is packed with many “top secrets.”

(Image source: Michael Tan)

A first touch on this stuff made me thinking that it's a USB hub. However, this couldn't be a USB hub as its circuit is designed to be more complicated than the USB hub. As this gadget has a D-Sub interface, then it must be a graphic card. However, this guess is not true. The graphic card is an important part of the computer, it couldn't be connected externally. Even for a modern computer nowadays, there isn't any standard I/O interface that could meet the data transmission speed in this manner. The next possibility guess is that it's a screen. Again, it's incorrect as the screen will require more than one D-Sub interface but this device only has one. In fact, this is an external graphic card designed by the Japanese. A bit incredible …….Well, this stuff is not manufactured for you to play games; rather it's a dual mode, enabling multiple displays with different contents via a computer or a laptop. I don't think it could meet the requirement for 3D data processing speed, as it uses USB 2.0 interface so its speed is far behind the former mentioned earlier.

Besides showing time, what can this stuff do?

(Image source: Michael Tan)

You need no my answer and you'll tell me that this is a watch. You're right! This is a simple designed watch judging from its external appearance. Of course, its function is to show time. But, wait, my friend; don't make this as your final conclusion. Let me telling you that this is not just a watch, it's a product resulted from a micro-electronic technology. Not only it's a watch, but it has a close link to a computer. Now, at this point, you may challenge me for talking rubbish here.

(Image source: Michael Tan)

This thing is not hard to guess instead. If you keep yourself abreast with the IT news, I'm certain that you'll know that this is a U-watch. Again, this is a U-disk which is cleverly made convenient and portable for you to bring along elsewhere but it has a limited capacity for data storage.

Is this an insect of Y2K?

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I can't imagine that this gigantic insect got to do with a computer. It's amazing to find that it's a computer's mouse. When you lift up its wings, it doesn't show you that it's a mouse. Instead, it looks like a housefly or any types of insects with a typically known six legs.

(Image source: InTozgc.com)

It's regarded as an insect of Y2K. Because of this invention, I've to accept the fact that human thinking is complicated and beyond the imagination. Needless to say about this Y2K's insect, could you imagine that your computer hardware is invented as the smelly toilet ball as listed in Desmonrock21's article entitled Gizmo: Cool Computer Case Mods 2. Gosh, stink, it gets me vomiting to look at those disgustingly designed computer products!

Oops, something totally unknown!

(Image source: InTozgc.com)

Now, my brain is poor enough to guess what this device is. It's not appearing to me as a computer's mouse. If I was not told that it's a mouse, probably I'll mad at guessing at it. And, I may never be guessed it right, I believe.

(Image source: InTozgc.com)

As shown in the above picture, its usage is very easy.

Is this a UFO?

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This pumpkin-like computer product is designed to make it looks attractive as well as delicate to indirectly show the beauty in the art of the modern computer technology. The wooden treasure box which is attached with the pumpkin part looks very antique indeed! This product was on display in the exhibition of the Pentium 4 E3 in 2002.

Run, run! It's going to explode!

(Image source: InTozgc.com)

Wow, this explosive looks grand and elegant! Is this going to explore, I doubt of it. It's so beautiful. Incredibly, you couldn't imagine that it's a computer's mouse. I couldn't figure it out what's the feel when touching on it to move the cursor around the computer's screen.

Yuck, a strange human hand!

(Image source: InTozgc.com)

Yuck, a strange human hand to be your computer's mouse?! I hope this is just a nightmare but it happened to be a real fact that I've to accept while sitting in front of the computer. This hand looks so disgusting and I'm not going to touch on it. I believe that it'll bring a bad luck for me. Could you examine it closely? This strange human hand even comes with a look-real fingernail and some hair on top of its surface. Now, what do you feel? It's hilarious and bizarre though!

Yuck, another scary human body part!

(Image source: InTozgc.com)

The scary story about the designs on the mouse not only stops on a human's hand, but it also extends to the human's mouth. Look, the mouth is attached with two rows of teeth; one is located on the upper jaw, while the other one is located on its lower jaw. Whoever will want this to become his or her mouse? It's so disgusting to look at!

This is a computer and not a Christmas house. Can you believe your eyes?

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Oh, I'm confusing with this device. I couldn't believe my eyes that this is a computer. Its design looks very attractive, but you can't eat the butter spreading over its top roof. While looking at this computer, it reminds me that the Christmas is around the corner.

Hey, are you kidding with me? This is a computer, you said?

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This is a WMD computer, an abbreviation of its name: Weapon of Mass Destruction. From its name, you might judge that its killing power must be very scary and destructive. Why the inventor wanted to design the computer in this manner? Perhaps, the inventor just wants to show its greatest ability in terms of speed, capacity, and its operating systems. Anyway, this design is indeed hilarious!

Wow, what an odd-looking computer!

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Hey, is this really a computer? Where's its CPU (processors)? Its main MOD systems are all attached to the surface of the wall, can't you see? Its motherboard, drivers, hard drives, graphic cards, and even its power cords are all hung to the side wall of the cupboard. I guess this inventor do this to avoid removing out parts of the components too often from his computer. Or else, he must be the weirdest person who feels comfortable to look at the computer in this crazy and illogical manner. See, the label pasted onto the side wall “Intel Outside!” Such a cool and ridiculous bastard!

Wow, what a good idea to have a microwave oven bake your programmes.

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Do you want a microwave oven to bake your “programs?” Interesting stuff indeed! You'll get interested with this cool stuff, I'm sure. It's completely a perfect microwave oven ever designed to become a computer. This computer was displayed in CES Exhibition in 2003. This microwave oven is equipped with a liquid crystal display door. To operate this computer, you just press either its button located from the right side of this image. Its main operating system is “grilling” inside once the power button is pressed. Cool stuff though!

Do you want some cute animals running around your computer?

(Image source: Michael Tan)

Pets such as dogs, cats, hamsters, and etc. no longer will they sit on your lap, palm, or sleep beside or under your table. They are now active enough to run around parts of your computer.

(Image source: Michael Tan)

It must be enjoyable watching these cute animals or pets crawling along the cables, USB flash drive, power cords, external disks, U-disks and other computer's components. The addition of these computer by-products will definitely refresh your feeling while sitting in front of a computer or a laptop.

These are very creative designs!

(Image source: InTozgc.com)

This luxurious car designed mouse will definitely add in a sense of fashion while contributing a constructive design to the IT world. It's so nice and beautiful that I'm going to have one as my new computer's mouse. It can move just as smooth as the sport car could move along its track.

Is anyone hungry here? Would you like some fast food or Japanese delicacies?

In the past, a USB flash drive was shaped into either a rectangular or a square shape. Its shape was limited to a fundamental pattern and design. But, nowadays, the USB flash drive has shaped into a strange, wield and extraordinary pattern to increase its sale in the market. The design of USB flash drive has appeared as a fast food menu that will definitely capture the computer user's attentions worldwide.

Hamburger, Pizza, and Hotdog Menu

(Image source: Korean Monthly Technology Magazine, March 2007)

These USB flash drives take a theme of a fast food menu. They can be ranged from hamburgers, pizzas and hotdogs that you are familiar at any fast food outlets. As their appearance are manufactured in a framework resembles to hamburger, pizza, hotdog and sandwich, and thus they sometimes tempt people to eat them. Presently, these types of USB flash drives have a capacity up to one gigabyte.

A strange Menu of KFC

(Image source: Korean Monthly Technology Magazine, September 2007)

This is not a real set of KFC menu, it is a strange design of USB flash drive. If you examine it closely, you will find that the rice is actually a USB 2.0 Hub with four openings. Each opening is connected to a chicken, pudding and prawns. They are furnished with a ready boost facility with their capacities up to one gigabyte.

Octopus Sushi Menu

(Image source: Japanese Monthly Technology Magazine, January 2006)

The main design of these USB flash drives is an octopus (or tako in Japanese). If you do not examine them closely, probably you will be perceived to believe that they are real octopus. The manufacturer made them so real to give people a convenience feel of their completeness. When you pull out the head of the octopus, you can see the body of the USB flash drive. Of course, the other part of its body is a protective casing for the USB flash drive. When you insert this USB flash drive into the slot of the computer, the body of the octopus will shine or glister in blue light. It is fun and interesting to look at, isn't it?

Sushi Menu

(Image source: Japanese Monthly Technology Magazine, January 2006)

These USB flash drives are shaped into a Japanese cuisine or Sushi menu. Sometimes, you may come across a variety type of Sushi found in a Japanese restaurant which includes kappa(cucumber), California Roll, makizushi (rolls), inarizushi(toppings stuffed into a small pouch of fried tofu), Chirashizushi(scattered sushi), temarizushi (ball-shaped sushi with a filling of fish) and omelette. These USB flash drives have a capacity as big as one gigabyte.

Hmmm, this one looks rather odd!

(Image source: Jackson)

Not everyone will prefer to have their computer designed in a conventional manner, some computer enthusiasts may prefer to have their computers looking weirder than others to show that theirs stand out to be more striking and extraordinary. Despite of this perception, they started modifying their computers in this weird manner as what you see in the above picture is one of the examples. What's your opinion? Do you like this skeleton's computer? Tell me your idea, perhaps someone is going to modify his or her computer in a rather odd manner than all the stuffs I've managed to list here.

When Building a Computer Brand names are most important to know.

Mother Boards & CPUs

I prefer Intel for there speed and dependability.

You could also use AMD there almost as good and most software you will read with have them as a sec. Recommendation.

For memory I prefer to use Kingston or if you like you can even use Penny brand Kingston is a better brand and seems to be the best longest lasting though.

Now when we talk about Hard Drives there are 2 Main brands that are both good and can be got for great performance as well as long lasting, and that would be Maxtor or Quantum.

For video there is only one brand I use and that is Gigabyte, there Geforce Video cards are best and if you look at any graphic based game you will find Geforce in the System requirements

For Audio Creative Labs is a Name that has been around for years all the way back to ms-dos

if you are going for good sound I always go with the best and oldest brand if you are looking for tv cards they are great as well.

For Networking only one brand will do Linksys from int cards to usb Linksys has you cover, they also have great routers as well.

For Monitors I highly Recommend Dell Monitors for there clear screens.

For DVD drives as well as Burners I recommend Sony.

Putting it All Together

For a good system get 3 MB of memory, 2 500GB Hard Drives, a dvd Burner as well as DVD Player

a video card with at least 128 Mb of onboard memory, and sound card that is at least 6.1

As for Processor 2.5 Dual + if you have the cash get a quad based Processor.

For the OS I would go with Vista I have used it and it is not had many problems with running much of my old hardware.

• Data corruption: If the incident causes data corruption, the organization may be forced to take systems offline until you can recover or rebuild the data. In large databases, this process can take several days, even on the fastest available computers.
• Denial of Service (DoS): A concentrated attack, especially when it originates from large numbers of systems, can render a server or an entire network of servers unreachable to customers and partners. Such attacks can last for hours, days, or even weeks.
• Forensics: Your organization (or law enforcement) may need to carry out forensic operations on affected systems to gather evidence for a possible prosecution. Trained personnel usually conduct forensics on quiescent systems (systems in which activity is halted) to provide stability, ensuring the best possible evidence gathering.

To reduce the effects of a security incident, consider these measures:

• Alternate servers and storage systems: Place alternate systems and storage systems into service while trained personnel perform forensics on affected systems. Before you place affected systems into service, however, the organization needs to be certain that they won't be compromised, too.
• Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) defense: Some Internet service providers offer a DDoS defense service that may help to restore connectivity to customers and partners. These solutions can cost you, but so can being offline.
• Alternate network locations: If an organization is experiencing a Denial of Service or Distributed Denial of Service, you may be able to avoid disruption by relocating affected servers or networks to another logical place on the Internet. Whether this move works has a lot to do with the determination of the attackers and their ability to change their intended target.
• Backup data: Replication and mirroring are great technologies that can compensate for hardware failures. However, in the case of a deliberate attack, replication or mirroring may propagate the corruption to other storage systems. If this widespread corruption occurs, you may need to recover data from a recent backup - but only if analysts can determine that the attack hasn't affected a recent data backup.
• Heterogeneous (similar) systems: If attackers attack through known vulnerabilities in software, using heterogeneous systems may prevent an attack from reaching some systems. For instance, if an application uses both a Sun system with Oracle databases and a Windows system with SQL Server databases, an attack through the Windows system can't succeed on the Sun server.
• Forensics training and tools: This measure is an up-front investment of dollars and training. With better forensics preparedness, your business can respond more quickly when you need forensic activities, as well as develop alternate strategies that can minimize impact on business operations.

• Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS): Usually two systems in one. A UPS has circuitry that cleans incoming power of spikes, surges, and other noise so IT equipment receives the cleanest possible power. A UPS system also has banks of batteries that can become the primary power source for a short time - usually a fraction of an hour.
• Electric generator: For power outages that last more than several minutes, you need an electric generator, in addition to a UPS, to assure power availability for as long as several days.
• Fuel storage: For organizations that may experience power outages that last more than a few days (and if you can't easily get fresh supplies of fuel), consider building a fuel storage facility. With such a fuel storage facility, you can have continuous electric power, even during prolonged outages. UPS and generators work together - you need both to assure continuous power. Generators take up to two minutes to come online, so you need a UPS to fill the gap between the utility outage and when the generator can come online. Similarly, a UPS can't supply power for very long, which requires a generator to provide power for up to several days.