Getting Ready

First off, you will need a computer that you do not use for anything else, including surfing the Internet. If you do not have one, you can purchase any brand name computer, or, if you prefer, build one your self. You will also need a broadband internet connection, preferably with a high upload speed.

If you do not have a static IP, or if you do not know if you have a static IP, call your Internet provider. Make sure you write down the static IP, as you will need it later.

You will need to download Ubuntu from the Ubuntu website, and burn it to a CD. This is not the same as burning a music or general data CD. You will want to use your burning program's "Burn from image" feature (the image is a .iso image). If your burning program does not have this feature, you can usually find freeware that does. Make DOUBLE sure that  you download the SERVER EDITION of Ubuntu.

Installing Ubuntu

Insert the CD you burned into your CD-ROM or DVD drive, and boot your computer. Some computers will automatically boot from the CD so you can install. For the computers that do not automatically boot from the CD, there will usually be a screen that comes up saying something along the lines of "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD...". This usually gives you a limited amount of time to press any key. Press any key and it will boot from the CD.

After you have booted from the CD, choose the install option. This is a fairly easy step-by-step process. One of the screens will ask you what type of server you wish to install. Choose HTTP or LAMP server (LAMP stands for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP server"). After the installation is finished, it will ask you to remove the CD or DVD and restart the computer.

Setting Everything Up

After you have rebooted your computer, you will notice that the operating system successfully installed, but there is no user interface, just a command prombt-like interface. This is called the "Linux Terminal". Ubuntu Server Edition does not come with a desktop interface installed by default. First, type in your user name and password that you created during installation.

If you are not experienced with the Linux Terminal, you may want to install a desktop evironment. To install the Gnome Desktop environment, type the following into the Terminal:

$ sudo su

[The password you created durring installation]

$ apt-get install gnome-desktop

Or, if you perfer the KDE Desktop evironment, type the following:

$ sudo su

[The password you created during the installation]

$ apt-get install kde-desktop

Please keep in mind that you do NOT type the $ symbols when typing commands. Those are there to let readers of this article know that it is a new command.

After the desktop environment has finished installing, you server is ready to use. The directory you will put your website in is the '/var/www' directory. This can be changed, but changing it involves editing the Apache configuration files. I do not recommend doing this if you are not familiar with those files. I will do another tutorial next week on how to use WordPress with this type of Ubuntu installation.

Virtually every program code has inputs and outputs. Before compiling a source code, programs generally request an input from the user and then output it to the screen after compiling if the program is well designed and there is no error inside it. Usually, as the program becomes more complicated, error possibility increases. A good software expert easily realizes where the code has faults and corrects it. Since our first code will be very small and very simple, we will not face with any error.

Before starting to write code, we initially have a compiler which is going to evaluate our code. I use Dev C for this. There are many other compilers which run on different platforms like Unix, Linux and Windows.

In this project, we will output the names of the subprograms of Triond on to C terminal screen. This is the simplest algorithm since there is no input in this example. Let's start writing our code step by step.

Step 1: Open the File from the menu bar of C software and save as the blank page Project1. This yields a file with an extension of cpp.

Step 2: Describe the name and aim of the programs. To do so, we use comments. Comments are ignored by the compiler. For commenting, we use some special scripts like double slash or slash-asterisk character .

If we use a single line comment, double slash is enough. However, if our comment is placed more than one line, we use double slash for each line or take the commented part between slash-asterisk and asterisk-slash characters .

Step 3: C needs library files which define what the input and output functions are and what they do when they are used in a code. Iostream is the library file of input and output function.

Before the name of library files, we use a special character, preprocessor directive character. Include is used before the name of every library file and such file names are placed mathematical comparison characters.

Step 4: Every C code uses functions. The default function is main. Main function is the first function compiled by the programs. This function usually calls other functions. Before the name of function, we specify which type of output our code returns. In our program, we think that it returns to integer and use int. After the function name, we use parantheses. In this example, there will be nothing between parantheses but in more complicated programs, there may be parameter names and it's types or definitions. We place our statements between left brace and right brace.

Step 5: To print on to the screen,we use cout function. We simply place our string inside double quote characters. Every statement inside the functions ends with a special semicolon character.

Step 6: To check the validity, we use return function.In this simple example, it returns to 0.

Click here for the code

Myth #1

You can't do any real web development on Mac OS X, including server scripts such as PHP.

The Truth

You can do the same amount of web development on Mac OS X as you can on any Windows machine; in fact, I have found Mac OS X even easier to set up server scripts. Recently I decided to set up PHP on my Mac at home to find out that Mac OS X Leopard actually comes with Apache2 and PHP5 already installed onto it! All it takes is a few configuration steps to set up PHP5 to work on your computer.

Myth #2

It is much harder to set up the use of web development languages on Mac OS X than it is on Windows.

The Truth

I have actually found it easier to set up different web development languages on my Mac than on my friends Windows computer. A few days after I set up Apache2, PHP5 and MySQL on my Mac I helped a friend do it on his Windows computer. It took at least 3 more hours to get all of them installed on his computer than on mine, and even longer to get MySQL to work because the default configuration file for MySQL on Windows does not have everything needed for it to work.

Myth #3

You might be able to do web development on Mac, but you can't get much further than the things you can do with iWeb.

The Truth

You can do the same scripting on a Mac as you can do on a Windows machine. Saying that you are confined to iWeb is like saying you are confined to Frontpage on Windows.

There are many more myths regarding Mac OS X and web development, but I think that this will help some of you realize that Mac OS X is just as good for web development as Windows is. In the end, the scripting of languages is the same on both machines because the languages do not change depending on operating systems; the only difference I can find is setting up those scripting languages, which I have found to be much easier on Mac OS X than on Windows.

PHP scripts embedded into the HTML codes. When someone checks the source code of the page, he doesn't get anything about PHP scripts. He only learns the HTML part of coding. This article is an introduction to PHP scripting language. One can find useful information and have enough knowledge after reading my PHP tutorial series. Without delay, I would like to start my script creation step by step.

Before starting, you should know that you have to set up PHP installations into your computer. Such installations are PHP itself, Phpmyadmin interface, Mysql database and Apache Server. Without these, your scripts are nothing since they are not compiled by your computer.

Step 1:

To write PHP scripts, we need a place. That place is a simple text editor. You are free to choose your text editor. I prefer to use Notepad. There are other alternatives like Editplus or Elfima. If your operating system is not Windows but Linux, you can place your code into Vi editor or Pico. I have never tried but I think you can use Dreamveawer, Hotdog or Frontpage.

In your text editor, open an new file and save it as “myfirst.php” or “myfirst.html” . I choose the name of file as “myfirst” but you are free to choose anything.

Step 2:

I have told you before that PHP scripts are embedded into HTML codes. So, first of all we will write HTML codes. The basic codes are HTML, TITLE, HEAD and BODY. It can be written by lowercase letters as well. This part is not important.

Step 3: All PHP scripts start with “ ”. Only the part between two is compiled by server and evaluated as output.To print characters on the screen, standart output functions of PHP are used. Those are “ print ” and “ echo ”. In some circumstances, ” printf ” is used too.

The format of printing:

1. print ( “ your output ” ) ;
2. print “ your output ” ;
3. echo “ your output ” ;
4. echo ( “ your outpu t” ) ;

If you don't use any white space characters, the strings are written without any separation. For example if you write this code;

• Print ( “ Word1 ” ) ;
• Print ( “ Word2 ” ) ;

It will be outputted as Word1Word2.

To remove this fault,white space characters are used. In PHP code part, between print functions, we place < br > code.

Example: To be more understandable,I will write a simple PHP script. Output will be the name of my favorite Triond writers.

To see the output, Click here.

You need an Apache web server for this installation since Bweb runs in a web interface. Any web server should do, but this how to is targeted towards apache.

1. First, we need to install the necessary perl modules. In Gentoo you emerge:
   
   emerge dev-perl/GD-Graph3d dev-perl/DBI dev-perl/DBD-mysql
   dev-perl/HTML-Template dev-perl/Expect dev-perl/Time-modules.
   


2. Then, download and unpack the bacula-gui source:
   
   wget http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/bacula/bacula-gui-2.0.3.tar.gz tar xzvf bacula-gui-2.0.3.tar.gz
   


3. Now install Bweb from the source code:
   
   cd bacula-gui-2.0.3/bweb/
   perl Makefile.PL
   make install
   mkdir -m 755 /path/to/cgi-bin/bweb
   install -m 755 -o root -g root bweb/cgi/*.pl /path/to/cgi-bin/bweb
   mkdir -m 755 /etc/bacula
   chown root:bacula /etc/bacula
   echo '$VAR1 = { template_dir => "/usr/share/bweb/tpl" };'
   > /etc/bacula/bweb.conf
   chown www-data /etc/bacula/bweb.conf
   mkdir -p /usr/share/bweb/tpl
   install -m 644 -o root -g root bweb/tpl/*.tpl /usr/share/bweb/tpl
   mkdir /path/to/htdocs/bweb
   install -m 644 -o root -g root bweb/html/*.{js,png,css,gif,ico,html} /path/to/htdocs/bweb
   
   Note: the best way to test if we have all the dependencies fullfilled for Perl is to: cd /path/to/cgi-bin/bweb ./bweb.pl Should produce output similar to HTML code.)
   
   
4. Add a catalog line to our bacula-dir.conf, which will redirect messages to bweb for interpretation. Under the messages directive, type:
   catalog = all, !skipped, !saved.
   


5. Restart bacula:
   /etc/init.d/bacula restart
   


6. Ensure that the binary bconsole file can be executed by our web server :
   which bconsole | xargs chmod 755
   


7. Ensure the configuration files in /etc/bacula/ can are writable by our webserver (apache):
   chown :apache /etc/bacula/*.conf
   chmod 664 /etc/bacula/*.conf
   


8. Finally, we need to set up the initial configuration: Visit our new bweb URL - http://server/bweb. Browse to 'Configuration' and enter the following details:
   
   DBI DBI:mysql:database=bacula
   User username
   Password password
   Email email@address.com
   Graph_font /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-bitstream-vera/Vera.ttf
   Template /usr/share/bweb/tpl
   fv_write_path
   Stat_Job Job
   Bconsole /usr/sbin/bconsole -n -c /etc/bacula/bconsole.conf
   
   
9. click "Save"

Done. You should now have a detailed and interactive GUI to your bacula installation. Email the bacula user mailing list for any help .

Well, after a day of trying to figure out what's wrong I found the answer. It has to do with SELinux and it's restrictions on shared modules loading and their context.

I figured this could be a problem, since when compiling, building and installing php 5.1.6, I ran into the following error message: "cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission Denied".

So, the first thing I did was
> chcon –t texrel_shlib_t *.so
In the libs directory of the installation.

Voila! The installer ran! It ran all the way to the end of the installation, only to report that the services failed to install.

So I figured I am on the way to solving this completely, I just need to disable SELinux. I didn't want to use the SELINUX=Disabled in the selinux/config, so what I did was use the setenforce command.

do a getenforce command, and you get current enforcing status
> getenforce
# Enforcing

Now release enforcing:
> setenforce 0
# Permissive

You're on the roll! Go ahead and install Zend Platform. Don't forget to do a setenforce 1 to resume enforcing.

Hope it helps people out there.