The first thing you will need to do is download the file. Once your download has finished open the folder and extract the files to a place on your computer. I prefer Program Files or My Documents so it's out of your way. Once you have done that you can make a shortcut by right-clicking on your desktop and going to new, shortcut and then click on browse and then you just find where you extracted your folder.

Now open up “Yod'm 3d”. You can change some things by clicking on the icon in the taskbar and then clicking on options. To activate 3d press shift + control, but you can also change the settings on that to.

The Server Computer Platform

Put simply a server is a computer that is running a network operating system (NOS) and other software that enables it to service requests from other computers known as clients. This is a two-way state in that the client and the server are determined at any point in time depending upon their relationship at that point in time.

A server computer may get a request from another computer (client) but in order to fulfill that client's request it may itself need to request services from another server computer and so becomes the client of the second server computer. Another paradox is that a computer can fulfill the role of client and server itself.

For example, suppose a network computer is running both a web server and directory services server software (such as Microsoft's Active Directory). The web server receives a request for a service or access to an asset or resources.

The web server software needs to verify that the entity making the request is entitled to have that request fulfilled before it (the web server) can fulfill the request. In order to determine the requesting entities authorisation and access status the web server software asks the directory services server software (running on the same machine) to perform the authentication verification service.

Thus, we have a machine that is at once both a server and a client. Essentially, a server is a computer much like any other in that it consists of two primary components: server hardware and server software. It is the exact mix and type of these hardware and software components that determine the capabilities of the server.

Server Computer Hardware

Let us begin by looking at the types of hardware typically found in a server class computer. As already discussed, any computer including a standard desktop PC can act as a server.

However, due to the nature of activities and functional behaviors expected from a server, the server is usually far better hardware wise endowed than a typical client workstation or general-purpose computers are. After all the server is expected to serve many clients and usually simultaneously at that.

Thus, servers typically tend to be more robust with higher-grade hardware components that are faster, larger, more reliable, have with fewer frills and eye-candy than is the case with the typical workstation or desktop PC computer hardware components.

Due to the nature and types of services that the servers are running it is generally the case that some of them will be classifiable as being “mission critical” from the perspective of those availing themselves of the server's services.

For these reasons, server platforms tend to have multiple redundant computer hardware systems built-in along with “hot swap” capabilities. The last thing wanted from a server is downtime. They also come with considerably more performance enhancing and service availability related computer hardware including:

• Multiple large “hot swap” capable hard disk drives (RAID arrays)
• Copious quantities of memory (RAM)
• Multiple CPUs - The more compute power the better
• Multiple redundant power supply units (PSU) tend to be the norm
• Multiple high-speed network interface cards (NIC) also are common depending on the intended functionality of the server for example as a firewall in an environment with one or more De-Militarized Zones (DMZ)

Computer Server Software

There are three classes of computer server software the Network Operating System (NOS), Server Applications and Administrative Software.

The Network Operating System Software

The Network Operating System includes features such as built-in support for; file sharing, print serving, backup, restoration and security are common to all network operating systems. Some may come with a web server or e-mail server built-in, others do not. Security features are included.

I have already covered the features offered by network operating systems in the article entitled “Network Operating System Features” so I will not reiterate here.

Server Applications Software

Traditional and new server specific software applications now often called Enterprise Class Applications. Many of these software applications are familiar to many users. For example, the Microsoft Office Suite, Adobe Photoshop, Multi-Media Applications, etc. are all software applications familiar to the majority of us.

The big difference between the stand-alone versions that we know so well and these “server/enterprise” versions is “optimization”. The server/enterprise versions of the software are “optimized” to run on the servers where they may be configured as a service (SaaS) or as a remote processing software application.

Today we are hearing a lot about Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Simply put this means that the user makes a processing request and the server performs all necessary tasks then delivers the result to the user. All data stays at the server computer side. This is all a bit like incremental updating.

Another aspect of this server/enterprise class of software applications is that of concurrent instances. Here is a capacity that allows many users to access the same software applications and run the same services concurrently with many other users.

Most of us are aware that a web server can service many hundreds of concurrent users but most are unaware that this applies to virtually all software configured and optimized to run as a service (SaaS).

Some very special instances even allow multiple users to concurrently, operate on the same file. A number of users could be editing the same word document for example. Yes, there are issues inherent in this but I will leave that for another article.

Administrative Server Software

Administrative server software provides the administrative support, management and tools that are necessary for the administration, management and evolution of the entire network operating system environment including all hardware, software, peripherals and network infrastructure devices.

They also allow for the distribution of software at various levels to various users all with different specific access rights, permissions and privileges. Centralized software distribution (administrator controlled) is the name given to this and it has the advantage of being available “on demand” such that only those users who will actually use a piece of software will have that software installed as and when they desire to use it.

The administrative group of server software includes as you guessed housekeeping and daily chores capabilities such as auditing, accounting and monitoring functionalities.

Network Operating System Support

Many server applications are operating system specific, That is; they are designed to run on a specific operating system such as Microsoft's Windows NT, Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, Novell NetWare and Linux to name but a few. They may or may not be compatible with other operating systems.

Server Benefits

While there are many different types of servers, they all contribute to providing benefits to network users such as:

• Optimization - Server hardware designed to serve requests from clients quickly
• Centralization - Files are in one location for easy administration
• Security - Multiple levels of permissions can prevent users from doing damage to files. Probably the most important aspect to a server, particularly in a client/server networking environment is the greater degree of granularity of security that is possible. Overall, the client/server network is much easier to secure and back up, greatly improving the reliability and confidentiality of an organisation's data.
• Redundancy and Back-up - Data can be stored in redundant ways making for quick restore in case of problems
• Assets and Resources Management - Processing workload is easier to manage in a client/server network environment.
• Flexibility - Servers offer far greater flexibility and potential for growth along with superior stability, security and automation. Then as network and network resource requirements increase one can simply add another server to cope with the extra load.
• Multi-Tasking - Many servers can run multiple concurrent applications and multiple concurrent instances of applications in order to serve a variety of needs.
• Application Requirements - Every application hosted on a server will have its own set of specific server requirements.

Next time we will have a look at the various types of servers running network operating systems in an article entitled “Server Types”. Until then enjoy!

PHP scripts embedded into the HTML codes. When someone checks the source code of the page, he doesn't get anything about PHP scripts. He only learns the HTML part of coding. This article is an introduction to PHP scripting language. One can find useful information and have enough knowledge after reading my PHP tutorial series. Without delay, I would like to start my script creation step by step.

Before starting, you should know that you have to set up PHP installations into your computer. Such installations are PHP itself, Phpmyadmin interface, Mysql database and Apache Server. Without these, your scripts are nothing since they are not compiled by your computer.

Step 1:

To write PHP scripts, we need a place. That place is a simple text editor. You are free to choose your text editor. I prefer to use Notepad. There are other alternatives like Editplus or Elfima. If your operating system is not Windows but Linux, you can place your code into Vi editor or Pico. I have never tried but I think you can use Dreamveawer, Hotdog or Frontpage.

In your text editor, open an new file and save it as “myfirst.php” or “myfirst.html” . I choose the name of file as “myfirst” but you are free to choose anything.

Step 2:

I have told you before that PHP scripts are embedded into HTML codes. So, first of all we will write HTML codes. The basic codes are HTML, TITLE, HEAD and BODY. It can be written by lowercase letters as well. This part is not important.

Step 3: All PHP scripts start with “ ”. Only the part between two is compiled by server and evaluated as output.To print characters on the screen, standart output functions of PHP are used. Those are “ print ” and “ echo ”. In some circumstances, ” printf ” is used too.

The format of printing:

1. print ( “ your output ” ) ;
2. print “ your output ” ;
3. echo “ your output ” ;
4. echo ( “ your outpu t” ) ;

If you don't use any white space characters, the strings are written without any separation. For example if you write this code;

• Print ( “ Word1 ” ) ;
• Print ( “ Word2 ” ) ;

It will be outputted as Word1Word2.

To remove this fault,white space characters are used. In PHP code part, between print functions, we place < br > code.

Example: To be more understandable,I will write a simple PHP script. Output will be the name of my favorite Triond writers.

To see the output, Click here.

A Word Processor

This is application software that can be used to create, change or re-organize a document. The document can be stored in the memory, updated and printed when required. This program has different features e.g. spell checker, thesaurus, find and replace etc, which make printable - paged document to become a thing of choice rather than necessity as in the case of using a typewriter.

Starting Ms-Word

You can start Microsoft Word through the following steps:

Click Start button on the task bar

Point your mouse pointer in the start menu, locate Microsoft Word with a Big (W) logo and Click on it.

This is Microsoft Word application Window environment.

Creating A New Document

When creating a new word document, you first click on file menu in the menu bar.

This is the screen environment that you will see, where you can do all your word processing here, create, edit/format, save

Saving Your Document For The First Time

To save your file or document for the first time, you click on file menu, on the menu bar, point your mouse pointer to save and click on it.

Note: A save s dialog box display comes out, then you choose where you want to save the document by clicking on the drop down arrow of the save in text box.

Type the filename you want to save in the filename box.

Then click on save.

To Close A Document

Click on file menu on the menu bar, point your mouse pointer to close or exit and click close or exit.

You are back to the desktop environment

The computer virus, although usually small is very powerful in destruction. It primary targets include files, other programs and parts of the computer. It can destroy or seriously damage information and data on files, it can install itself or several copies of itself in ram, hard disk, floppy disk, flash drive and boot sector of the computer.

Viruses have very high rate of replication and therefore spread at a very fast rate. The biggest problem with virus is that it can attach itself to any other software on the computer without cooperation or even knowledge of the computer user. Since the virus performs tasks that are detrimental to the computer operation, then it ha a great chance of causing serious problems to the user.

There are very many types of viruses. Some of them are written to attack specific parts of the software or hardware. Specific viruses include, partition section viruses, data virus, boot sector viruses, command file viruses and executable file viruses. The effects of the virus attacks on computer can be colossal and give a lot of painful and anxious moments to the computer user. These included corruption and loss of data even personal programs and documents on hard disk. Others include system crashes, destruction of hard disk partition, causing the computer not to boot, causing the program not to load and a host of other woes. This may cause a lot of waste of time and destruction of vital data arising from reformatting of infected disk and reinstalling of the back up files.

Nobody actually owns up being the first person to create a computer virus. Although it is a powerful software, it's badness has made nobody to take the credit for it's creation. To bad!

Despite this serious and dreadful nature of the problem, a careful and knowledgeable user can do very well without the danger of introducing virus into his system. You need a good and current anti-virus program. Update it regularly and test all diskette that come into the computer before copying from such diskettes into your disk.

If you are using 1GB or more flash drive, you can use Portable Apps Suite Standard Edition. This version has ClamWin Portable (antivirus), Mozilla Firefox (web browser), Gaim (instant message), Open Office (office suite), Sudoku (puzzle game), Mozilla Sunbird (calendar/task manager) and Mozilla Thunderbird (email client). Portable Apps Suite Standard edition is only about 100MB. You can download it free at prdownloads.net.

If your USB flash drive is from 512MB to 1GB, I recommend you to use Portable Apps Suite Lite Edition. In this version, you also have all the applications like the Standard Version. However, Open Office will be replaced by Abi Word Portable (word processor). You can download Lite Edition free at PortableApps. It is only about 40MB.

If you possess a flash drive that has very small memory, you can choose a few necessary applications you want to download at portableapps.com. Other way, you can choose to install Portable Apps Suite Base Edition. This edition is as little as 1MB. You can download Base Edition free at prdownloads.sourceforge.net. Base Edition only has basic applications (Portable Apps Menu, Portable Apps Backup Utility). I recommend you to install a few more applications if you use this edition.

I am a student. At my school, they do not have the applications that I need like Instant Messenger, Email Client. Therefore, I have to install this patch. I figured out that Portable Apps Suite is very useful. Every edition of it is free. I hope that you are also satisfied with this program.

This tutorial will teach you the very basics of programming in C++.

So, what are the very basics of C++? In this tutorial, you will learn input and output.

Input is when you give information to the computer. An example is when you move your computer mouse. If you move it to the left, you are telling the computer to move the clicker on the screen to the left.

Output is when the computer gives information to you. The computer is always outputting information to you. Examples are text, pictures, videos, or music. You get the point...

NOW WE START PROGRAMMING!

Input:

• First download DevCpp (http://www.bloodshed.net/dev/devcpp.html).
• It should look like this:

• Now go to: File/New/Source File.
• Write this in the text area:

• Go to: Execute/Compile and Run.
• Save the file wherever you want.
• Wait a while until the program compiles
• You should get something like this:

At first sight, the code looks very intimidating, but it's not complicated. If we take off all the comments, it looks like this:

That isn't that bad... Right? But what does it mean?

The first two lines are libraries. A library is already-made code that makes it easier for us to program. Using libraries lets us program with very little code. If we didn't use libraries, it would take 50 more times of code to program.

The fifth line is where the main code goes. Just imagine it like this:

The seventh line prints out “hello world” onto the screen. This code uses the first library () and would not work without it.

The eighth line waits for any key to be pressed and the program doesn't do anything until a key is pressed. This code uses the second library () and would not work without it.

The ninth line ends the program.

So, now that you learned output, it's time to learn input.

Output:

• Replace the first program with:

• Go to: Execute/Compile.
• Wait a while until the program compiles.
• It should look something like this:

Since you already know what most of the program does, I will just explain the new parts added.

The seventh line declares a variable “number”. This variable is declared as an integer and it can be used to store any integer value like 3, 1024, 4, -56, -93, or -1000.

The ninth line waits for you to type in any integer and waits for you to press enter. Whatever integer you type will be stored into the variable “number”.

The tenth line types in the value of “number” and then continues on by saying “is also my favorite number”. The value of “number”, as I said before, will be whatever you typed as your favorite number.

So let's assume that you said your favorite number was 15. The program would say “15 is also my favorite number!”

That is the end of this tutorial. I hope you learned a lot about input and output. Try messing around with the code and see what you get.

Pop Quiz!

Write a program that does the following:

Two things happened recently that made me turn to the side of open source tools. One, a big software tool company just sent me a renewal price quote and got me all p***ed off, and two, I found one of the most useful open source utilities for an application developer like myself.

Though I use some tech lingo in this entry its main point is clear to all – we must keep the freedom to choose.

I won't elaborate on the vendor issue, you all know the feeling you get when a vendor takes advantage of you. Also, I don't want them to sue my nice little tush.

I'll have much more fun telling you about the new Eclipse Update Manager I found, called TUM .

Eclipse, as you know, is the number one open source development platform around. One of the main hassles of using Eclipse, like many other open source tools, is that you have to choose your desired configuration from a large amount of possible plug-in's and extensions, and you sometimes don't really have the time to select, test and configure them all. That's the main reason commercial vendors still reign in many software arenas rather than open source ones.

TUM appears to save me this time by presenting a list of possible components and updates and then installing what I choose. I don't have to worry about integration, dependencies or any other hassle.

This new goodie opened my eyes to something I should have noticed long ago - open source tools can get you anywhere you want.

I wish everything was as simple as getting free open source software from the Internet instead of paying lots and lots of money on “closed source” software. It's like getting your groceries for free and fixing you own dinner at home, as you please.

I can see some of your coming comments (beside “dude, get a life..”) - “open source is not good enough when your job is at stake or for professional purposes”, “it's not supported”, etc.

My answer is simple – Alright, if you earn your bread by making software, use open source tools and get backing from open source companies that earn their bread out of giving good support and advice on top of free open source software. Companies like Red Hat , MySQL and apparently also these Tikal guys.

Had to get it out of my system....